Design and Implementation of 8 - Stage Marx Generator Used for Gas Lasers

Marx generators have been designed, built and tested. A Marx generator with eight stages, which can be deliver 64 kV maximum output, is charged up to 2 kV and the high voltage output was 12 kV with pulse rise time of 666 ns, decay time 4 µs, inductance 11 µH and efficiency of 75%. Energy stored in Marx 75.2 mJ and erected capacitance 5.875*10-10 F, the Charging current is 1 mA. A Xenon flash lamp trigger circuit with high voltage output pulse (4.5 kV) and pulse width of 2µs, was used for triggering the Marx generator

Batio3 Film Grown By Water-Based Process

Self-assembled nano-crystalline BaTiO3 films on stainless steel foil substrates, were grown by the water based Streaming Process for Electrodeless Electrochemical Deposition (SPEED). SPEED is an aqueous process that deposits self-assembled nano-crystalline inorganic thin films over large areas, without a vacuum, providing a scalable and manufacturing friendly process to fabricate durable films. The morphology of the ∼1 μm thick films comprises single crystals of micron dimensions imbedded in a matrix of nanocrystals. XRD confirms presence of BaTiO3 crystals of hexagonal phase for samples annealed at 500 C. Subsequent annealing at 600 C transforms the film to the cubic phase. Potential applications include dielectric layers, capacitors, waveguides, ferroelectric RAM, pyroelectric infrared detectors, and phosphors. Characterization of infrared pyroelectric response at 10 μm wavelength shows an initially good sensitivity that reversibly decays over a period of days due to water vapor absorption. A short-lived photo-response due to poling of the hydrated sample is also observed

Ropy Foam-Like Tio2 Film Grown By Water-Based Process For Electronconduction Layer Of Perovskite Solar Cells

Self-assembled TiO2 foam-like films, were grown by the water based Streaming Process for Electrodeless Electrochemical Deposition (SPEED). The morphology of the ∼1 μm thick films consists of a tangled ropy structure with individual strands of ∼200 nm diameter and open pores of 0.1 to 3 micron dimensions. Such films are advantageous for proposed perovskite solar cell comprising CH3NH3PbI3 absorber with additional inorganic films as contact and conduction layers, all deposited by SPEED. Lateral film resistivity is in the range 20 - 200 kω-cm, increasing with growth temperature, while sheet resistance is in the range 2 - 20 × 108 ω/Sq. Xray diffraction confirms presence of TiO2 crystals of orthorhombic class (Brookite). UV-vis spectroscopy shows high transmission below the expected 3.2 eV TiO2 bandgap. Transmittance increases with growth temperature

Pyroelectric Response Of Spray-Deposited Batio3 Thin Film

Pyroelectric photoresponse of aqueous spray deposited thin films containing BaTiO3 nano-crystals is reported. X-ray diffraction data indicate the presence of hexagonal BaTiO3 nano-crystals with ∼20 nm crystalline domains in a matrix of some as yet unidentified nano-crystalline material. When the film is annealed at 600 C, the X-ray pattern changes significantly and indicates a conversion to one of the non-hexagonal phases of BaTiO3 as well as a complete change in the matrix. With suitable amplifier, the measured photoresponse was 40V/W. Ferroelectric hysteresis on a film with significant presence of hexagonal BaTiO3 shows saturated polarization which is about 5-times smaller than for the bulk tetragonal phase. A potential application is a patternable infrared detector for photonic and plasmonic devices, such as chip-scale spectral sensors

Smooth Tio2 Thin Films Grown By Aqueous Spray Deposition For Long-Wave Infrared Applications

Self-assembled TiO2 films deposited by aqueous-spray deposition were investigated to evaluate morphology, crystalline phase, and infrared optical constants. The Anatase nano-crystalline film had ∼10 nm characteristic surface roughness sparsely punctuated by defects of not more than 200 nm amplitude. The film is highly transparent throughout the visible to wavelengths of 12 μm. The indirect band gap was determined to be 3.2 eV. Important for long-wave infrared applications is that dispersion in this region is weak compared with the more commonly used dielectric SiO2 for planar structures. An example application to a metal-insulator-metal resonant absorber is presented. The low-cost, large-area, atmospheric-pressure, chemical spray deposition method allows conformal fabrication on flexible substrates for long-wave infrared photonics